Kesterite tech news
Enel SpA (BIT: ENEL) announced on August 30, 2026, that its 3Sun Gigafactory has achieved a technical milestone with the pilot production of "Tandem--K" photovoltaic cells. This architecture integrates a Kesterite (CZTS) thin--film top layer with a high--efficiency silicon heterojunction (HJT) bottom cell, reaching a certified efficiency of 27.4%. By utilizing Kesterite—composed of copper, zinc, tin, and sulfur—Enel aims to eliminate reliance on scarce materials like indium, which is common in traditional thin--film and HJT designs. This breakthrough positions 3Sun as a leader in sustainable, high--efficiency solar manufacturing within the European Union.